THROAT

Diseases OF THE MOUTH AND THE tongue

ULCERS

This is a common disease that affects almost all of the mucous membrane. They crop up like whitish, rounded superficial ulcerations, with a diameter of about 2 to 5 millimeters. The number is variable, there is a lot aching and they are cured in 8 or 10 days without scarring. Its cause is unknown, but is associated with injuries, emotional stress, digestive diseases, food allergies, and autoimmune diseases among others.

Treatment:
The treatment is based on pain relief, using topical and oral medications. In recurring cases and with larger than normal ulcers, a more thorough investigation should be done.

LABIAL HERPES

This is a recurring acute viral infection that affects the skin and/or mucous membrane of adolescents and adults, produced by the simple herpes virus. In the initial phase it causes itching sensation and redness where small blisters soon appear that spontaneously burst forming scabs. Healing takes about 15 days. Reoccurrences are common, being associated with stress, exposure to the sun and with a low state of immunity.

Treatment:
The treatment is based on pain relief, using topical and oral medications. Anti-viral medications can also be used.

ORAL THRUSH

Infection caused by a fungus called Candida (moniliasis), which leads to the formation of whitish lesions, that affect the tongue, the mucous membrane of the mouth, the palate and the gums. It more commonly affects patients using corticoid, antibiotics, chemotherapy and those with low immunity. Pain in the affected region and increased sensibility are frequently present.

Treatment:
Avoid possible causal factors and initiate the use of antifungal medication.

MOUTH WOUNDS

All wounds that last for more than two weeks should be evaluated by a doctor, because even though they are not causing pain, they can be risky.

Diseases OF THE PHARYNX

PHARYNGITIS

Pharyngitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane that covers the pharynx and is represented by pain when swallowing. Fever and generally feeling unwell also can be present. The throat stays red, and ganglions in the neck can also appear. Generally the cause is viral.

Treatment:
The Treatment is symptomatic, using analgesic and anti-inflammatory medications. In cases of bacterial infection antibiotics are also used.

Diseases OF THE TONSILS

ACUTE TONSILLITIS

Infectious and inflammatory disease that involves the tonsils, being more frequently caused by virus and bacteria. The majority of cases occur in the fall and winter, affecting any age group. The main symptoms are: sore throat, pain to swallow, fever and enlarged ganglions in the neck. Also earache, fatigue, headache, nausea, vomits and abdominal pain can happen. The tonsils stay red and with pus points.

Treatment:
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic medicines are used. In cases of bacterial infection, the use of antibiotics is necessary for the eradication of the microorganism.

INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS


Infection caused by a virus that leads to the formation of whitish tonsils. It is more common in adolescents. It causes fever, feeling unwell, headache and appearance of enlarged ganglions in the neck, in the armpits and sometimes in the groin.

Treatment:
The Treatment is symptomatic, using analgesic and antipyretic medications. Rest and hydration are also important.

CRYTPTIC TONSILLITIS

In some people, the tonsils have small openings in which food particles accumulate and give rise to caseum (small whitish little balls that cause a bad smell). This can be a cause of bad breath.

Treatment:
Mouthwashes can be used. In persistent cases surgical treatment can be considered.

PERITONSILLAR ABSCESS

This is a complication of tonsillitis, where the formation of pus occurs between the tonsils and the wall of the throat. The symptoms are similar to acute tonsillitis, but with the presence of trismus, which is difficulty opening the mouth.

Treatment:
Drainage of the abscess is the most important step. Antibiotic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic medicines are also used.

TONSIL SURGERY IS INDICATED FOR:

- Enlarged tonsils that cause respiratory difficulty.
- Repeated Tonsillitis.
- Peritonsillar Abscess.
- Suspected neoplasm.
- Halitosis due to cryptic tonsillitis.

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